{"id":2610,"date":"2025-10-06T20:52:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T18:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/?page_id=2610"},"modified":"2026-04-09T09:30:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T07:30:18","slug":"judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"Courts and Judges: Friends or Foes of Democratic Resilience? (COFFIN)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/banner--><div id=\"px-banner-blockstudio-3a472fd9ef0d\" class=\"px-banner bannerMedia-image   \">\n    <div class=\"px-banner-inner\">\n\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"text-inner\">\n             <div class=\"text\">\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Courts and Judges: Friends or Foes of Democratic Resilience? (COFFIN)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Do judicial tenure and autonomy protect democracy from erosion?<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" class=\"banner-video-script\">\nfunction activateVideo(video, uid) {\n    var el = document.getElementById('vid-' + video + '-uid' + uid);\n    el.innerHTML = '<div class=\"video\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/' + video +\n        '?rel=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;showinfo=0&#038;cc_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen>';\n}\n\nfunction activateVimeoVideo(video, uid) {\n    var el = document.getElementById('vid-vimeo-' + video + '-uid' + uid);\n    el.innerHTML = '<div class=\"video\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/' + video +\n        '?dnt=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>';\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-e825bec9879a\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout     \" data-frame=\"default\" data-layout=\"default\" data-margin-before=\"medium\" data-margin-after=\"medium\">\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-gap-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>This project analyzes the role of judges and courts in democratic resilience, comparing how laws and legal cultures concerning judicial autonomy and tenure influence the capacity and willingness of judicial institutions to withstand attacks and safeguard democracy. Using a comparative intraregional approach examining cases such as Hungary, Poland, Mexico, and Argentina, and a transregional approach between Latin America and Europe, it explores the implementation of judicial council models (for example Italian and Spanish) and different forms of instability in office, such as lowering retirement ages, court packing, or forced resignations. The project also considers the interaction of judges and courts with supranational bodies, the impact of international judicial networks, and the role of soft law norms, with the aim of understanding how law can function as a tool for maintaining, adapting, and transforming democracy in the face of institutional erosion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-0e602c1eed16\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout    activateBorderRadius \" data-frame=\"lightbgbox\" data-layout=\"default\" data-margin-before=\"default\" data-margin-after=\"default\">\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div>\n\n<p><strong><strong>Researchers<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#julio\">Julio R&iacute;os Figueroa<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#david\">David Kosar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#andrea\">Andrea Castagnola<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#nino\">Nino Tsereteli<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Focus<\/strong><br>Judicial independence<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"julio\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-21a9f1ae8244\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-left\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296.jpg 853w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/julio-rios-figueroa-e1760615890296-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:28% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>Julio R\u00edos-Figueroa, Fiona Shen-Bayh (2025)<\/strong>. Courts in the Global South.&nbsp;<em><strong>Annual Review Political Science<\/strong><\/em>. 28:151-171.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-polisci-040623-113225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-polisci-040623-113225<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"david\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-2080607cd383\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-right\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/197752322_4041836612559174_6513090414216299184_n-e1775719804147.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/197752322_4041836612559174_6513090414216299184_n-e1775719804147.jpg 604w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/197752322_4041836612559174_6513090414216299184_n-e1775719804147-300x288.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"andrea\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-99949544fb64\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-left\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/mpi_1444_1-scaled-e1772809238936.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:28% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>Castagnola, Andrea y An\u00edbal P\u00e9rez-Li\u00f1\u00e1n (2026).<\/strong> <em>The paradox of judicial reforms in Latin America.<\/em> <strong>Public Choice.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11127-025-01360-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11127-025-01360-8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"nino\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-817dd2692e8d\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-right\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nino-tsereteli-scaled-1024x1024-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nino-tsereteli-scaled-1024x1024-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nino-tsereteli-scaled-1024x1024-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nino-tsereteli-scaled-1024x1024-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nino-tsereteli-scaled-1024x1024-1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-732b1486e7a7\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout    activateBorderRadius \" data-frame=\"lightbgbox\" data-layout=\"layout-reduced\" data-margin-before=\"default\" data-margin-after=\"default\">\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Introductory readings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tenure and independence:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P&eacute;rez-Li&ntilde;&aacute;n, A., &amp; Castagnola, A. (2024). Judicial tenure and retirements. In L. Epstein et al. (Eds.), <em>The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Judicial Behaviour<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kosa&#345;, D., &amp; Sp&aacute;&#269;, S. (2025). Judicial independence. In R. Bellamy &amp; J. King (Eds.), <em>The Cambridge Handbook of Constitutional Theory<\/em> (pp. 867&ndash;883). Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kosa&#345;, D., &amp; &Scaron;ipulov&aacute;, K. (2023). Comparative court-packing. <em>International Journal of Constitutional Law, 21<\/em>(1), 80&ndash;126.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R&iacute;os-Figueroa, J., &amp; Staton, J. K. (2014). An evaluation of cross-national measures of judicial independence. <em>Journal of Law, Economics &amp; Organization, 30<\/em>(1), 104&ndash;137.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Courts against backsliding:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gamboa, L., Garc&iacute;a-Holgado, B., &amp; Gonz&aacute;lez-Ocantos, E. (2024). Courts against backsliding: Lessons from Latin America. <em>Law &amp; Policy<\/em>, 1&ndash;22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&Scaron;ipulov&aacute;, K. (2025). The light and the dark side of judicial resistance. <em>Law &amp; Policy, 47<\/em>(1), e12247.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puleo, L., &amp; Coman, R. (2023). Explaining judges&rsquo; opposition when judicial independence is undermined: Insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary. <em>Democratization, 31<\/em>(1), 47&ndash;69. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13510347.2023.2255833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13510347.2023.2255833<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R&iacute;os-Figueroa, J. (2022). Populism and democratic erosion: The role of the judiciary. Evidence from Mexico, 2018&ndash;2021. <em>Revista de Estudios Pol&iacute;ticos, (198)<\/em>, 118&ndash;217.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legal culture, constitutional conventions, and informal institutions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Castagnola, A., &amp; Gonz&aacute;lez-Ocantos, E. (2024). Argentina&rsquo;s &ldquo;Judicial Family:&rdquo; Mapping family connections in the Argentine provincial federal judiciary. In R. Sanchez-Urribarri, B. Dressel, &amp; A. Stroh (Eds.), <em>Informality and Courts<\/em>. Edinburgh University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&Scaron;ipulov&aacute;, K., &amp; Kosa&#345;, D. (2023). Decay or erosion? The role of informal institutions in challenges faced by democratic judiciaries. <em>German Law Journal, 24<\/em>(8), 1577&ndash;1595.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R&iacute;os-Figueroa, J., &amp; Pozas-Loyo, A. (2018). Anatomy of an informal institution: The &ldquo;Gentlemen&rsquo;s Pact&rdquo; and judicial selection in Mexico, 1917&ndash;1994. <em>International Political Science Review, 39<\/em>(5), 647&ndash;661.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tsereteli, N. (2023). Constructing the pyramid of influence: Informal institutions as building blocks of judicial oligarchy in Georgia. <em>German Law Journal, 24<\/em>(8), 1469&ndash;1487. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2023.74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2023.74<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kosa&#345;, D., &amp; Vincze, A. (2023). Constitutional conventions concerning the judiciary beyond the common law. <em>German Law Journal, 24<\/em>(8), 1503&ndash;1519. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2023.90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2023.90<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-1d78fdd097f0\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout dekoposition_center    \" data-frame=\"dekobox\" data-layout=\"layout-full-reduced-small\" data-margin-before=\"medium\" data-margin-after=\"default\" >\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div >\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get to know our ICCAL projects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Discover the projects that bring ICCAL to life through research, collaboration, and local initiatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/teaser-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-9d4d56105326\" class=\"px-teaser treecolumns\">\n\t<div class=\"px-teaser-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item secondColor\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/climate-litigation-intergenerational-justice-democracy\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"Democratic Resilience, Climate Litigation, and Intergenerational Justice\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">Democratic Resilience, Climate Litigation, and Intergenerational Justice<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/climate-litigation-intergenerational-justice-democracy\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item mainColor\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/citizens-assemblies-law-democratic-institutionalization\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"From Innovation to Institution: Embedding Citizens\u2019 Assemblies in the Law\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">From Innovation to Institution: Embedding Citizens\u2019 Assemblies in the Law<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/citizens-assemblies-law-democratic-institutionalization\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item mainColorLight\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-independence-as-a-cornerstone-of-democratic-resilience\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"Judicial Independence as a Cornerstone of Democratic Resilience\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">Judicial Independence as a Cornerstone of Democratic Resilience<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-independence-as-a-cornerstone-of-democratic-resilience\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Julio R\u00edos-Figueroa, Fiona Shen-Bayh (2025). Courts in the Global South.&nbsp;Annual Review Political Science. 28:151-171.&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-polisci-040623-113225 Castagnola, Andrea y An\u00edbal P\u00e9rez-Li\u00f1\u00e1n (2026). The paradox of judicial reforms in Latin America. Public Choice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11127-025-01360-8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":2599,"menu_order":59,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2610","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Judicial Autonomy &amp; Democratic Resilience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Judicial autonomy democratic resilience in Europe and Latin America: how tenure, courts, and legal culture protect democracy from erosion.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Judicial Autonomy &amp; Democratic Resilience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Judicial autonomy democratic resilience in Europe and Latin America: how tenure, courts, and legal culture protect democracy from erosion.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICCAL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-09T07:30:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\\\/\",\"name\":\"Judicial Autonomy & Democratic Resilience\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-06T18:52:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-09T07:30:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Judicial autonomy democratic resilience in Europe and Latin America: how tenure, courts, and legal culture protect democracy from erosion.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"ICCAL Lab\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Courts and Judges: Friends or Foes of Democratic Resilience? 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