{"id":2606,"date":"2025-10-06T20:51:52","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T18:51:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/?page_id=2606"},"modified":"2026-03-20T14:10:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T13:10:19","slug":"digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/banner--><div id=\"px-banner-blockstudio-f99fb9a2697f\" class=\"px-banner bannerMedia-image   \">\n    <div class=\"px-banner-inner\">\n\n\t\n\n\t<div class=\"text\">\n\t\t<div class=\"text-inner\">\n             <div class=\"text\">\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" class=\"banner-video-script\">\nfunction activateVideo(video, uid) {\n    var el = document.getElementById('vid-' + video + '-uid' + uid);\n    el.innerHTML = '<div class=\"video\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/' + video +\n        '?rel=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;showinfo=0&#038;cc_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen>';\n}\n\nfunction activateVimeoVideo(video, uid) {\n    var el = document.getElementById('vid-vimeo-' + video + '-uid' + uid);\n    el.innerHTML = '<div class=\"video\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/' + video +\n        '?dnt=1\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>';\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-a7b37c461e4c\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout     \" data-frame=\"default\" data-layout=\"default\" data-margin-before=\"medium\" data-margin-after=\"medium\" >\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div >\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-gap-large is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>This project compares the responses of constitutional and electoral courts in emblematic countries of Europe and Latin America to the phenomenon of large-scale electoral disinformation, regarded as an existential threat to democracy. Using a functional and context-sensitive analysis, it examines rulings from Brazil, Mexico, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Romania, mostly issued during electoral periods, to identify patterns and differences in the protection of electoral integrity and political rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study also considers cross-cutting factors such as data protection, content moderation, and the use of artificial intelligence in electoral campaigns, as well as the interaction with supranational courts and bodies. Its aim is to develop proposals for a transregional response regime that addresses regulatory gaps, strengthens public trust, and safeguards democratic debate against the polarization and fragmentation generated by disinformation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-f7a3f6641bf3\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout    activateBorderRadius \" data-frame=\"lightbgbox\" data-layout=\"default\" data-margin-before=\"default\" data-margin-after=\"default\" >\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div >\n\n<p><strong>Researchers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#catalina\">Catalina Botero Marino<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#flavia\">Flavia Piovesan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#rafael\">Rafael Rubio<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#erik\">Erik Tuchtfeld<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#bruno\">Bruno Stoppa<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#fernanda\">Fernanda Rodr\u00edguez<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Focus<\/strong><br>Electoral disinformation<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"catalina\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-9c4ee1354482\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-left\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/catalina-botero-marino-e1760616572186.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/catalina-botero-marino-e1760616572186.jpg 500w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/catalina-botero-marino-e1760616572186-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/catalina-botero-marino-e1760616572186-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/catalina-botero-marino-e1760616572186-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"flavia\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-9fad34d58cc8\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-right\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/flavia-piovesan-e1760616537912.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/flavia-piovesan-e1760616537912.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/flavia-piovesan-e1760616537912-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/flavia-piovesan-e1760616537912-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/flavia-piovesan-e1760616537912-400x400.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"rafael\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-68900545ecd6\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-left\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286.jpg 800w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rafael-rubio-e1760616499286-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"erik\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-f92fac2497e1\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode smallerimagesize mediaposition-right\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/erik-tuchtfeld.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/erik-tuchtfeld.jpg 800w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/erik-tuchtfeld-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/erik-tuchtfeld-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/erik-tuchtfeld-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"bruno\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-581f76b59f4c\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode deactivatereadmore smallerimagesize mediaposition-left\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252.jpg 1550w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bruno-stoppa-scaled-e1770734776252-600x600.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/anchor-->\n\n<div class=\" anchor-section\" id=\"fernanda\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/textmedia-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-b3612dbd33d3\" class=\"px-textmedia toggle-readmore-wrapper editor-mode smallerimagesize mediaposition-right\">\n<div class=\"px-textmedia-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-media\">\n                <div class=\"image\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/img_1916-scaled-e1773140342532.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x440 size-600x440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/img_1916-scaled-e1773140342532.jpg 269w, https:\/\/iccal.lat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/img_1916-scaled-e1773140342532-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/>        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"px-textmedia-content\">\n        <div class=\"px-textmedia-inner\">\n            <InnerBlocks allowedBlocks=\"[&quot;core\\\/heading&quot;,&quot;core\\\/paragraph&quot;,&quot;core\\\/buttons&quot;]\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-08cd26f13ff1\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout    activateBorderRadius \" data-frame=\"lightbgbox\" data-layout=\"layout-reduced\" data-margin-before=\"default\" data-margin-after=\"default\" >\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div >\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Introductory readings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bennett, W. L., &amp; Livingston, S. (2018). The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions. <em>European Journal of Communication, 33<\/em>(2), 122\u2013139. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0267323118760317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0267323118760317<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Berlinski, N., Doyle, M., Guess, A. M., Levy, G., Lyons, B., Montgomery, J. M., Nyhan, B., &amp; Reifler, J. (2023). The effects of unsubstantiated claims of voter fraud on confidence in elections. <em>Journal of Experimental Political Science, 10<\/em>(1), 34\u201349. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/XPS.2021.24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/XPS.2021.24<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botero Marino, Catalina (coord.). <em>Manual para la defensa de la libertad de expresi\u00f3n<\/em>. Bogot\u00e1: Legis, 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1tedra UNESCO de Libertad de Expresi\u00f3n (Universidad de los Andes). Portal de recursos sobre libertad de expresi\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Disponible en: <a href=\"https:\/\/libertad-expresion.uniandes.edu.co\/\">https:\/\/libertad-expresion.uniandes.edu.co\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dad, N., &amp; Khan, S. (2023). Reconstructing elections in a digital world. <em>South African Journal of International Affairs, 30<\/em>(3), 473\u2013496. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10220461.2023.2265886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10220461.2023.2265886<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fung, A., &amp; Lessig, L. (2023). How AI could take over elections\u2014and undermine democracy. <em>Scientific American<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-ai-could-take-over-elections-and-undermine-democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-ai-could-take-over-elections-and-undermine-democracy\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nielsen, R. K. (2024). The electoral misinformation nexus: How news consumption, platform use, and trust in news influence belief in electoral misinformation. <em>Public Opinion Quarterly, 88<\/em>(Suppl.), 681\u2013707.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prajapati, A., Kumar, D., &amp; Srivastava, M. (2024). The role of fake news in political campaigns and elections: A global perspective. <em>International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36948\/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.30907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36948\/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.30907<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ferrara, E., Cresci, S., &amp; Luceri, L. (2020). Social bots and their impact on elections. <em>Journal of Computational Social Science, 3<\/em>(2), 271\u2013277. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42001-020-00094-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42001-020-00094-5<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vaccari, C., &amp; Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes and political manipulation. In A. L. Guerrero &amp; J. M. Chaffee (Eds.), <em>The Oxford handbook of political communication<\/em> (pp. 1\u201318). Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kokolu, S., et al. (2024). Beyond the deepfake hype: AI, democracy, and \u201cthe Slovak case.\u201d <em>Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu\/article\/beyond-the-deepfake-hype-ai-democracy-and-the-slovak-case\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu\/article\/beyond-the-deepfake-hype-ai-democracy-and-the-slovak-case\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Commission. (2018). <em>Tackling online and electoral disinformation: A European approach<\/em>. Brussels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cavaliere, P. (2024). Freedom of expression after disinformation: Towards a new paradigm for the right to receive information. <em>Journal of Media Law<\/em>, 1\u201310. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17577632.2024.2362482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17577632.2024.2362482<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shattock, E. (2025). Disinformation and democracy on the docket: Reformulating the approach to electoral disinformation under the ECHR. <em>Oxford Journal of Legal Studies<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ojls\/gqaf026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ojls\/gqaf026<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De Gregorio, G., &amp; Pollicino, O. (2025). The European constitutional way to address disinformation in the age of artificial intelligence. <em>German Law Journal<\/em>, 1\u201322. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2025.24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/glj.2025.24<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fathaigh, R., Buijs, D., &amp; van Hoboken, J. (2025). The regulation of disinformation under the Digital Services Act. <em>Media and Communication, 13<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17645\/mac.9615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17645\/mac.9615<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tuchtfeld, E. (2023). <em>Case law on content moderation and freedom of expression<\/em>. In C. Botero &amp; L. C. Bollinger (Eds.), <em>Columbia Global Freedom of Expression<\/em>. Columbia University. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/GFoE_Content-Moderation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/GFoE_Content-Moderation.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botero Marino, C. (2024). <em>Constitucionalismo digital, poder judicial y moderaci\u00f3n de contenidos<\/em>. In F. Piovesan et al. (Eds.), <em>Constitucionalismo digital e direitos humanos<\/em>. Thomson-Reuters &amp; Revista dos Tribunais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/frame-layout--><div id=\"fl-blockstudio-4463f5fa4752\" class=\"fl px-frame-layout dekoposition_center    \" data-frame=\"dekobox\" data-layout=\"layout-full-reduced-small\" data-margin-before=\"medium\" data-margin-after=\"default\" >\n    <div class=\"inner\">\n        <div >\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get to know our ICCAL projects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Discover the projects that bring ICCAL to life through research, collaboration, and local initiatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!--blockstudio\/blockstudio\/teaser-->\n<div id=\"blockstudio-817b455ee8e7\" class=\"px-teaser treecolumns\">\n\t<div class=\"px-teaser-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item thirdColor\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/collaborative-constitutionalism-democratic-resilience\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"REconfiguring State POwers in the 21st Century as a Tool for Democratic Resilience (RESPO)\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">REconfiguring State POwers in the 21st Century as a Tool for Democratic Resilience (RESPO)<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/collaborative-constitutionalism-democratic-resilience\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item fourthColor\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"Courts and Judges: Friends or Foes of Democratic Resilience? (COFFIN)\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">Courts and Judges: Friends or Foes of Democratic Resilience? (COFFIN)<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/judicial-autonomy-democratic-resilience\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item secondColor\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/climate-litigation-intergenerational-justice-democracy\/\" class=\"full-link\"  aria-label=\"Democratic Resilience, Climate Litigation, and Intergenerational Justice\"><\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"headline text-left\">Democratic Resilience, Climate Litigation, and Intergenerational Justice<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t                                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons\"><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow text-left\">\n                                                    <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/climate-litigation-intergenerational-justice-democracy\/\" >Discover more<\/a>\n                                                <\/div><\/div>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":2599,"menu_order":54,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICCAL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-20T13:10:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\\\/\",\"name\":\"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-06T18:51:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-20T13:10:19+00:00\",\"description\":\"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"ICCAL Lab\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/iccal-lab\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICCAL\",\"description\":\"Ius Constitutionale Commune en Am\u00e9rica Latina\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iccal.lat\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience","description":"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience","og_description":"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?","og_url":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/","og_site_name":"ICCAL","article_modified_time":"2026-03-20T13:10:19+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/","url":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/","name":"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-10-06T18:51:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-20T13:10:19+00:00","description":"How should courts respond to electoral disinformation and AI-driven manipulation?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/digital-challenges-to-democratic-resilience\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ICCAL Lab","item":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/iccal-lab\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Digital Challenges to Democratic Resilience"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/","name":"ICCAL","description":"Ius Constitutionale Commune en Am\u00e9rica Latina","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2606"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5150,"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606\/revisions\/5150"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iccal.lat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}